مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 6 (بهار 1394)

Introduction and

Platelet dysfunction is a major determinant of bleeding among patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The present article has summarized some of published articles about clinical and laboratory manifestations, pathogenesis and treatment of platelet dysfunction among these patients.

Collecting current data, many studies have reviewed with key words of platelet dysfunction, bleeding and ESRD in a variety of sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and etc. Manuscripts published in English and Persian languages as full-text articles were included in our study.

The causes of platelet impairment among patients with ESRD are multifactorial and include anemia, accumulation of uremic toxins, von willebrand factor dysfunction and increase synthesis of prosthacyclin and nitric oxide which are platelet inhibitor. Although specific therapy is not required in patients without bleeding, however correction of platelet dysfunction is desirable among patients with active bleeding or patients who candidate for kidney or liver biopsy. Treatment options include correction of anemia, dialysis, administration of desmopressin which increase release of VIII factor and von willebrand factor multimers from endothelial cells, cryoprecipitate and conjugated estrogens.

Excessive bleeding may occur among uremic patients in response to injury or invasive and noninvasive procedures and therefore appropriate treatment should be performed among these patients.

Introduction and High ocular pressure is often related with open angle glaucoma. In this study we evaluated association of hypertension and some other underlying factors with high Intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients of Amir’almomenin hospital during 2011-2012. This is a descriptive retrospective study. 180 Patients with high IOP hospitalized during 2011-2012 in Amir’almomenin hospital in Rasht were included. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS v.18. 55% of patients were women. Mean age of them was 67.64 ± 11.88. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 180 ± 16.7 and 136.8 ± 18.8, respectively. Mean right and left IOP were 16.16 ± 3.35 and 16.49 ± 3.76, respectively. There was a significant relation between gender, history of hypertension, alcohol abuse, hyperlipidemia and cardiac disease with high IOP in right eye (P < 0.05) that had a straight relation with high IOP. Also there was a meaningful relation between changes of systolic blood pressure and IOP (P = 0.005) but there was no relation between changes of diastolic pressure and IOP (P > 0.05). Present study showed that systolic blood pressure and hypertension can effectively and positively be related with high IOP. But these changes were not affected by age. For getting more data, it is recommended to perform a longitudinal study for evaluation of indicated factors of this study and more advanced indexes such as determination of thickness of cornea for better evaluation of relations with high IOP.

Introduction and

Demoralization syndrome is characterized by individual’s inability to cope with the stressful event and losing sense of mastery and meaning of life which could result in feelings of subjective incompetency and people can experience it after potentially fatal diseases. In this regard, demoralization syndrome in patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were compared to the general population.

In a descriptive-comparative study, 50 patients (aged 20 to 50 years) with HIV referring to infectious department of Imam Khomeini hospital, and the Tehran health centers with nonrandomized available choice, and with 50 people of general population (aged 20 to 50 years) in terms of gender, age and education level were matched for comparison and were selected to answer the Demoralization Scale (Kissane 2004). Data were processed by SPSS v.20 to calculate independent T test.

Findings indicate significant deference (P < 0.0001) between demoralization syndrome of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and general population.

Regarding to high level of demoralization syndrome in these patients, paying attention to their existential needs seems to be necessary in prevention of intensification of psychological problems.

Introduction and

Adolescence is the most important stage in life for establishing dietary pattern and habits. There is little evidence on adolescent dietary patterns and habits. The aim of this study was to determine food patterns among keiar girl adolescents.

In this study, a total of 300 girl adolescents aged 11-15, were assessed. Dietary intakes were evaluated by a questionnaire.

The results showed that 87.3 percent of students used to go to school with breakfast and 12.7 percent go without. In addition, 86.6 percent of the students used to eat snack. Based on this food pattern, we found that consumption of food groups like proteins, fruits and nuts was insufficient.

Based on this food consumption pattern, we need to design extensive education programs for improving the parents and teacher’s knowledge, point of view and behavioral patterns.

Introduction and Insufficient lighting as a physical stressor in work environment may impact on work performance and cause work–related accidents. This study assessed the illumination and the probable effects on visual fatigue and mental states in Velaiat hospital’s personnel of Damghan. A case study design performed in indoor hospital working areas. Layout and type of luminaires were examined and interior illuminations were measured as proposed by IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America). A questionnaire was used to collect data and descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were conducted. Interior lighting measurements showed unacceptable levels of local illumination in 82.3 percent of sections during day light hours and all sections during night hours. General levels of illumination were unacceptable for 83.3 percent of section in day light and all sections in night hours. Uniformity ratios were unacceptable during day and night hours for 91 percent and 83 percent of sections, respectively. There is a significant relation between age and perceived favorable light, visual fatigue and mental states (P < 0.05). We found significant relationships between the lighting type and illumination with visual fatigue and mental states (P < 0.05). Insufficient illumination and excessive artificial light may lead to visual fatigue and mental strain. Lighting design should account for acceptable quantity and similarity to daylight.

Introduction and The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of drug-addicted women to set up programs to provide better service for this group. In this qualitative study 65 drug-addicted women referring to Cheetgar and Shosh centers in different age groups, marital status and… were interviewed individually and semi-conductor questionnaire was provided. Sessions and interviews continued until data saturation. More than 68 percent of women stated that one of their family member was addict. The first disposable drug in more than 27 percent of participants was Methamphetamine and in close to 36 percent, the first motivation for beginning of drug abuse and the main was to forget the problems. Half of women were consuming drugs in smoking style and nearly 85 percent of women had a drugs withdrawal. In general as some factors elevate the probability of drug-abuse in women, some reduce the risk of occurrence. Since the head points in women addiction are women treatment requirements (family and partner role) and multifactorial disorders (distemper, sorrow and stressors of accidents) paying special attention in treatment course is necessary.

Introduction and Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most important injuries of occupational health. This study was conducted with the objectives of determination of musculoskeletal disorders symptoms and ergonomics assessment of the risk of MSDs in paddy workers of Marvdasht city. This cross-sectional study was performed among 300 male paddy workers with at least one year of job tenure. Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire (NMQ) and QEC method were used for determination of prevalence and risk assessment of MSDs respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS v.19 using statistical tests including Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square. The results of this study showed that the feet (77.3 percent), lower back (73.3 percent) and wrist/hand (72 percent) had highest prevalence of symptoms of MSDs among workers. There was a significant association between the prevalence of these disorders and age, weight, height, job tenure and marital status. QEC technique showed that 65 percent of studied workers were in high and very high level of exposure to musculoskeletal risks. Chi- square statistical test revealed that between musculoskeletal symptoms and QEC risk level had no association. But, the results of this section showed that with increasing the QEC risk level, occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms will be increased. The prevalence of MSDs among studied workers is high. According to these results, awkward posture, lifting and carrying of heavy loads and flexion and twisting in lower back are the most common ergonomics problems in studied workers

Introduction and The purpose of this research was to determine the role of emotional regulation strategy and positive and negative emotions in prediction of psychological well-being in students. In this descriptive correlation study, 200 (100 men and 100 women) students of Ardabil University of Medical Science during 2012-2013 (1391-92.s.c.) were selected by multistage cluster sampling method and they filled the questionnaires of psychological well-being, emotional regulation strategy and positive and negative emotions. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS v.16 and statistical methods of correlation and multiple regression. There was a significant correlation between emotional regulation strategies and positive and negative emotions with psychological well-being (P < 0.01). The results of analysis of regression showed that reappraisal and positive emotions positively and significantly and suppression and negative emotions negatively and significantly can predict medical science student’s psychological well-being (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.31). The findings indicated that emotional regulation strategies and positive and negative emotions are important psychological components in prediction of medical sciences student’s psychological well-being.